sizeof() Operator

Discuss sizeof as a compile time operator & Implement sizeof operator.

It is unary operator sizeof is used to calculate the sizes of datatypes, in number of bytes.A byte in this context is the same as an unsigned char, and may be larger than the standard 8 bits, although that is uncommon in modern implementations. sizeof returns the size of the type of the variable or parenthesized type-specifier that it precedes as a size_t type value.

From MSDN:
The sizeof operator gives the amount of storage, in bytes, required to store an object of the type of the operand. This operator allows you to avoid specifying machine-dependent data sizes in your programs.

sizeof unary-expression
sizeof ( type-name )

The operand is either an identifier that is a unary-expression, or a type-cast expression (that is, a type specifier enclosed in parentheses). The unary-expression cannot represent a bit-field object, an incomplete type, or a function designator. The result is an unsigned integral constant. The standard header STDDEF.H defines this type as size_t.

When you apply the sizeof operator to an array identifier, the result is the size of the entire array rather than the size of the pointer represented by the array identifier.
When you apply the sizeof operator to a structure or union type name, or to an identifier of structure or union type, the result is the number of bytes in the structure or union, including internal and trailing padding. This size may include internal and trailing padding used to align the members of the structure or union on memory boundaries. Thus, the result may not correspond to the size calculated by adding up the storage requirements of the individual members.
If an unsized array is the last element of a structure, the sizeof operator returns the size of the structure without the array.

buffer = calloc(100, sizeof (int) );

This example uses the sizeof operator to pass the size of an int, which varies among machines, as an argument to a run-time function named calloc. The value returned by the function is stored in buffer.

static char *strings[] ={
          "this is string one",
          "this is string two",
          "this is string three",
         };
const int string_no = ( sizeof strings ) / ( sizeof strings[0] ); 

In this example, strings is an array of pointers to char. The number of pointers is the number of elements in the array, but is not specified. It is easy to determine the number of pointers by using the sizeof operator to calculate the number of elements in the array. The const integer value string_no is initialized to this number. Because it is a const value, string_no cannot be modified.

Own sizeof() in C:

#define SIZEOF(X) (int)((char *)(&X + 1) - (char *)&X)

USFUL LINKS:----------
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sizeof
http://publications.gbdirect.co.uk/c_book/chapter5/sizeof_and_malloc.html